By Ross McKitrick
and Elmira Aliakbari
The Fraser Institute
Ontario manufacturers are feeling the pinch from high electricity prices. But how high are the province’s industrial electricity rates relative to other jurisdictions?
Ontario has the highest residential electricity costs of all Canadian provinces. Ontario electricity prices increased twice as fast as the national average over the past decade, and the average Toronto resident in 2016 paid $60 more a month than the average Canadian.
That takes us back to industrial electricity rates, which are paid by industries including manufacturing (automakers, for example) and mining around the province. A recent Fraser Institute study showed that, in 2016, out of 16 major cities, Toronto and Ottawa ranked third and fourth behind only New York and Boston.
Ross McKitrick
Small industrial consumers (with a power demand of one megawatt and monthly consumption of up to 400 megawatt hours) in the Toronto area paid, on average, 16.27 cents per kilowatt hour (kWh, a common unit for measuring power), nearly double what comparable-sized firms paid in Montreal (9.11 cents) and Vancouver (9.49 cents), and nearly three times what they paid in Calgary (6.53 cents).
And although industrial electricity costs in New York and Boston remain higher than those in Ontario cities, the differential is shrinking over time as Ontario cities experience faster increases. In 2010, for example, electricity costs for small industrial users in Toronto were 85 per cent lower than in New York. By 2016, the differential had shrunk to 51 per cent.
The same pattern exists with large industrial consumers. In 2016, large users (with a power demand of five megawatts and monthly consumption of 3,060 megawatt hours) in Toronto and Ottawa paid almost three times more than consumers in Montreal and Calgary and almost twice what large consumers in Vancouver paid. Even some select large industrial consumers (Class A) that were granted rate reductions from the provincial government still paid higher rates than large users in Quebec, Alberta and British Columbia.
Elmira Aliakbari
Between 2010 and 2016, electricity costs paid by large industrial consumers rose 53 per cent in Ottawa and 46 per cent in Toronto compared to 14 per cent in the rest of Canada. Montreal saw a modest increase of 10 per cent, while costs dropped in Edmonton (-7 per cent), Calgary (-5 per cent) and Chicago (-19 per cent).
Out of 16 cities examined, the fastest rates of increase were in Portland and Seattle. But even with their rapid growth, their electricity costs for large industrial consumers were significantly lower than Toronto’s in 2016 (71 per cent lower in Portland and 62 per cent Seattle).
So what’s caused surging electricity prices for residents and industries in Ontario?
Government policy choices are to blame, in particular the province’s aggressive promotion of renewable energy sources (solar, wind and biomass). Other policy decisions – including poor structuring of long-term contracts with generators and phasing out coal – have also contributed to the pain.
To finally lower electricity bills for current and future ratepayers, the government should look at electricity costs in other jurisdictions and pursue meaningful policy reform.
Ross McKitrick is a senior fellow, Elmira Aliakbari is a policy analyst, at the Fraser Institute. They authored the recent study Rising Electricity Costs and Declining Employment in Ontario’s Manufacturing Sector.
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